Internalization depends on supports for autonomy. Contexts that use controlling strategies such as salient rewards and punishments or evaluative, selfesteem-hooking pressures are ① least likely to lead people to value activities as their own. This is not to say that controls don’t ② work to produce behavior ― decades of operant psychology prove that they can. It is rather that the more salient the external control over a person’s behavior, the more the person is likely to be merely externally regulated or introjected in his or her actions. Consequently, the person does not ③ develop a value or investment in the behaviors, but instead remains dependent on external controls. Thus, parents who reward, force, or cajole their child to do homework are more likely to have a child who does so only when rewarded, cajoled, or forced. The salience of external controls ④ drives the acquisition of self-responsibility. Alternatively, parents who supply reasons, show an emotional understanding of difficulties overcoming problems, and use a ⑤ minimum of external incentives are more likely to cultivate a sense of willingness and value for work in their child.
* autonomy: 자율성 ** salient: 두드러진 *** introject: 투입하다