통찰력 있는 피이쉐어, 한국 No.1
M Quiz 단어 문법 회화 작문 교과서 수능 소설

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2020학년도 수능 영어


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1. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.







답:   
[Cell phone rings.]
M: Honey, I’ve just left work. I’ll be home in half an hour.
W: Good. Is it possible for you to stop by the dry cleaner’s shop and pick up my dress?
M: Sure. Can you tell me where the shop is located?
W: __________

 

 

2. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.







답:   
W: David, look at this advertisement! Jason Stevens is going to sing at the opening of City Concert Hall next Saturday.
M: Wow! You know I’m a big fan of him, Mom. Luckily, I don’t have anything scheduled that day.
W: Great. Mark the date on your calendar, so you don’t miss his performance.
M: __________

 

 

3. 다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.







답:   
M: Shoppers, may I have your attention please? Thank you for visiting Miracle Department Store. We’d like to inform you of the special events going on through this weekend. First, we’re offering a 50 percent discount on certain electronics and sporting goods on the seventh floor. Second, we’re providing a free beverage at our coffee shop on the first floor to shoppers who spend over $50. Third, we’re also giving away $10 gift certificates to all shoppers who spend over $100. Last but not least, you don’t have to worry about parking fees this weekend. Parking is free. We hope you enjoy this weekend’s special events at our department store.

 

 

4. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.







답:   
W: Hi, Sam. How are you?
M: Fine. How about you, Christine?
W: I feel really good.
M: Wow! What happened to you? You usually say you’re tired.
W: Well, I changed how I sleep. I started sleeping on my left side, and it has improved my health.
M: Really?
W: Yeah. I’ve done it for a week, and my digestion has got better.
M: I didn’t know how we sleep has something to do with digestion.
W: It does. Sleeping on your left side helps the digestive process because your stomach is on the left.
M: I can see that. But does improving digestion make you that much healthier?
W: Sleeping on the left side does more than that. I think it’s good for health because it also helps blood circulation to the heart.
M: That makes sense. I guess I should try it.

 

 

5. 대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오.







답:   
M: Hello, I’m Ted Benson. You must be Ms. Brown.
W: Hi, Mr. Benson. Thank you for sparing time for this interview. I’ve wanted to meet you since you won the “Best Rice Award.”
M: I’m honored. I’m a regular reader of your magazine. The articles are very informative.
W: Thank you. Can you tell me the secret to your success?
M: I grow rice without using any chemicals to kill harmful insects. It’s organic.
W: How do you do that?
M: I put ducks into my fields, and they eat the insects.
W: So that’s how you grew the best rice in the country. What a great idea!
M: Yeah, that’s the know-how I’ve got from my 30 years of farming life.
W: Well, it’s amazing. May I take a picture of you in front of your rice fields for my magazine article?
M: Go ahead.

 

 

6. 대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

1    2    3    4    5

답:   
W: What are you looking at, honey?
M: Aunt Mary sent me a picture. She’s already set up a room for Peter.
W: Wow! She’s excited for him to stay during the winter vacation, isn’t she?
M: Yes, she is. I like the blanket with the checkered pattern on the bed.
W: I’m sure it must be very warm. Look at the chair below the window.
M: It looks comfortable. He could sit there and read.
W: Right. I guess that’s why Aunt Mary put the bookcase next to it.
M: That makes sense. Oh, there’s a toy horse in the corner.
W: It looks real. I think it’s a gift for Peter.
M: Yeah, I remember she mentioned it. And do you see the round mirror on the wall?
W: It’s nice. It looks like the one Peter has here at home.
M: It does. Let’s show him this picture.

 

 

7. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.







답:   
M: Good morning, Jane.
W: Good morning, Mr. Smith.
M: Thanks for volunteering to work at our senior citizen’s center again.
W: I’m happy to help. And I brought some snacks for the elderly.
M: How considerate of you! Last time you donated some books. Everyone really enjoyed reading them.
W: It was my pleasure. So, what am I supposed to do today? Should I prepare lunch like I did before?
M: There are some other volunteers today, and they’ll do that work.
W: Good. Then what would you like me to do?
M: Well, you could do the dishes or clean the laundry room.
W: I’m good at washing dishes. So I’ll do that.
M: Great. We’ll have someone else clean the laundry room.

 

 

8. 대화를 듣고, 남자가 요리 대회 참가를 포기한 이유를 고르시오.







답:   
W: Hi, Michael.
M: Hi, Sarah. Did you apply for the cooking contest?
W: I did. I’ve already finished developing a recipe.
M: That’s great. Actually, I gave up participating in it.
W: Why? Is your arm still hurt?
M: No, it’s fully healed.
W: Is your recipe not ready yet?
M: I already created a unique recipe for the contest.
W: Then, what made you give up the contest?
M: You know I’ve planned to study abroad. The cooking school in Italy just informed me that I’ve been accepted. The problem is I have to leave before the contest begins.
W: I’m sorry you’ll miss the contest. But it’s good for you since you’ve always wanted to study in Italy.
M: I think so, too. I wish you luck in the contest.
W: Thanks. I’ll do my best.

 

 

9. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점]







답:   
M: Welcome to the Science and Technology Museum. How can I help you?
W: Hi. I want to buy admission tickets.
M: Okay. They’re $20 for adults and $10 for children.
W: Good. Two adult tickets and two child tickets, please. And I’m a member of the National Robot Club. Do I get a discount?
M: Yes. You get 10 percent off all of those admission tickets with your membership.
W: Excellent.
M: We also have the AI Robot program. You can play games with the robots and take pictures with them.
W: That sounds interesting. How much is it?
M: It’s just $5 per person. But the membership discount does not apply to this program.
W: Okay. I’ll take four tickets.
M: So two adult and two child admission tickets, and four AI Robot program tickets, right?
W: Yes. Here are my credit card and membership card.

 

 

10. 대화를 듣고, Ten Year Class Reunion Party에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오.







답:   
W: Hi, Ross. How’s everything going for our Ten Year Class Reunion Party?
M: I think we’re done, Jennifer.
W: Then let’s go over what we’ve prepared.
M: I already booked the Silver Corral Restaurant for the party.
W: Good. It must have been very difficult to get a reservation because our party is on December 24th.
M: Yeah, we were lucky.
W: What food will they serve?
M: Their steak, spaghetti, and pizza are famous, so that’s what I ordered.
W: Sounds delicious. And the souvenirs for the party are ready, too.
M: You ordered mugs for souvenirs, right?
W: Yes, I did. I’ll bring them that day.
M: Perfect. It’s going to be a great party.

 

 

11. Green Ocean 영화 시사회에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치 하지 않는 것을 고르시오.







답:   
W: Hello, listeners. Welcome to Good Day Movie. We’d like to let you know about a great chance to see the preview of the movie Green Ocean by Feather Pictures. One hundred people will be invited to the event. It’ll begin at the Glory Theater at 4 p.m. next Saturday. After watching the movie, you can meet and take pictures with the actors of the movie. If you’re interested, apply for admission tickets on the Green Ocean homepage, and the tickets will be sent by text message to the first 100 people who apply. Those who are invited will be given a poster at the theater. Hurry up and don’t miss this chance to watch Green Ocean in advance. Now we’ll be back after the commercial break. So stay tuned.

 

 

12. 다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 두 사람이 예약할 항공편을 고르시오.

1    2    3    4    5

답:   
M: Ms. Roberts, we’re going on a business trip to New York City next week. Why don’t we book the flight on this website?
W: Okay, Mr. White. Let’s take a look at the flight schedule.
M: Sure. How much can we spend on the flight?
W: Our company policy doesn’t allow us to spend more than $800 per ticket.
M: I see. And what about the departure time? I have to take my daughter to daycare early in the morning that day.
W: Then how about choosing a flight after 9 a.m.?
M: That’ll be great. Which airport should we arrive at?
W: JFK is closer to the company we’re visiting.
M: Oh, you’re right. Let’s go there.
W: Then we have two options left, nonstop or one stop.
M: I don’t want to spend hours waiting for a connecting flight.
W: Me, neither. We should choose the nonstop flight.
M: Okay. Let’s book the flight now.

 

 

13. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Man: __________







답:   
W: Hi, Justin. I heard you’re going to be the MC at the school festival.
M: Yes, I am, Cindy.
W: Do you have everything ready?
M: Mostly. I have all the introductions ready and I’ve practiced a lot.
W: I’m sure you’ll do a great job.
M: I hope so, too. But there’s one thing I’m worried about.
W: What is it?
M: I need a suit, so I’m thinking of buying one. But it’s expensive, and I don’t think I’ll wear it after the festival.
W: Well, if you want, I can ask my older brother to lend you one of his suits.
He has a lot of them.
M: Could you please?
W: I’d be happy to.
M: Thanks. But will his suit be my size?
W: It will. You and my brother pretty much have the same build.
M: __________

 

 

14. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]

Woman: __________







답:   
M: Amy, what are you reading?
W: Dad, it’s a book for my philosophy course.
M: Let me take a look. Wow! It’s a book by Kant.
W: Yeah. It’s very difficult to understand.
M: You’re right. His books take a lot of effort to read since they include his deep knowledge and thoughts.
W: I think so, too. Do you have any ideas for me to understand the book better, Dad?
M: Well, why don’t you join a philosophy discussion group? You can find one in our area.
W: Are there discussion groups for philosophy? That sounds interesting.
M: Yeah. You can share ideas with others in the group about the book you’re reading.
W: You mean I can understand Kant’s book more clearly by discussing it?
M: Absolutely. Plus, you can develop critical thinking skills in the group as well.
W: __________

 

 

15. 다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Brian의 어머니가 Brian에게 할 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]

Brian’s mother: __________







답:   
W: Brian is a high school student. He has only traveled with his family before. Until now his mother has always taken care of his travel bag, so he doesn’t have any experience preparing it himself. This weekend, Brian is supposed to go on a school trip with his friends. He asks his mother to get his stuff ready for his trip this time, too. However, she believes Brian is old enough to prepare what he needs, and she thinks this time is a great opportunity for him to learn to be more independent. So, she wants to tell Brian that he should get his things ready and put them in his bag without her help. In this situation, what would Brian’s mother most likely say to Brian?

 

 

16. 남자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?







답:   
M: How did people send mail before they had access to cars and trains? There were simple options out there, like delivery by animal. Horses were frequently utilized in delivery of letters and messages. In the 19th century, a mail express system that used horses serviced a large area of the United States. Pigeons may be seen as a problem by many people today. However, in ancient Greece, they were used to mail people the results of the Olympics between cities. Alaska and Canada are known for their cold winters. In their early days, dogs were utilized to deliver mail because they’ve adapted to run over ice and snow. Maybe the most fascinating of all delivery animals is the camel. Australia imported camels from the Middle East and utilized them to transfer mail across vast deserts. They were ideally suited to this job because they can go without water for quite a while. Fortunately, we’ve developed faster and more reliable delivery systems, but we should not ignore the important roles these animals played in the past.

 

 

17. 언급된 동물이 아닌 것은?







답:   
M: How did people send mail before they had access to cars and trains? There were simple options out there, like delivery by animal. Horses were frequently utilized in delivery of letters and messages. In the 19th century, a mail express system that used horses serviced a large area of the United States. Pigeons may be seen as a problem by many people today. However, in ancient Greece, they were used to mail people the results of the Olympics between cities. Alaska and Canada are known for their cold winters. In their early days, dogs were utilized to deliver mail because they’ve adapted to run over ice and snow. Maybe the most fascinating of all delivery animals is the camel. Australia imported camels from the Middle East and utilized them to transfer mail across vast deserts. They were ideally suited to this job because they can go without water for quite a while. Fortunately, we’ve developed faster and more reliable delivery systems, but we should not ignore the important roles these animals played in the past.

 

 

18. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Dear Mr. Kayne,

I am a resident of Cansinghill Apartments, located right next to the newly opened Vuenna Dog Park. As I live with three dogs, I am very happy to let my dogs run around and safely play with other dogs from the neighborhood. However, the noise of barking and yelling from the park at night is so loud and disturbing that I cannot relax in my apartment. Many of my apartment neighbors also seriously complain about this noise. I want immediate action to solve this urgent problem. Since you are the manager of Vuenna Dog Park, I ask you to take measures to prevent the noise at night. I hope to hear from you soon.

Sincerely,
Monty Kim







답:   

 

 

19. 다음 글에 드러난 Jonas의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?

Looking out the bus window, Jonas could not stay calm. He had been looking forward to this field trip. It was the first field trip for his history course. His history professor had recommended it to the class, and Jonas had signed up enthusiastically. He was the first to board the bus in the morning. The landscape looked fascinating as the bus headed to Alsace. Finally arriving in Alsace after three hours on the road, however, Jonas saw nothing but endless agricultural fields. The fields were vast, but hardly appealed to him. He had expected to see some old castles and historical monuments, but now he saw nothing like that awaiting him. “What can I learn from these boring fields?” Jonas said to himself with a sigh.







답:   

 

 

20. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Probably the biggest roadblock to play for adults is the worry that they will look silly, improper, or dumb if they allow themselves to truly play. Or they think that it is irresponsible, immature, and childish to give themselves regularly over to play. Nonsense and silliness come naturally to kids, but they get pounded out by norms that look down on “frivolity.” This is particularly true for people who have been valued for performance standards set by parents or the educational system, or measured by other cultural norms that are internalized and no longer questioned. If someone has spent his adult life worried about always appearing respectable, competent, and knowledgeable, it can be hard to let go sometimes and become physically and emotionally free. The thing is this: You have to give yourself permission to improvise, to mimic, to take on a long-hidden identity.

* frivolity: 경박함 ** improvise: 즉흥적으로 하다







답:   

 

 

21. 밑줄 친 playing intellectual air guitar가 다음 글에서 의미 하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

Any learning environment that deals with only the database instincts or only the improvisatory instincts ignores one half of our ability. It is bound to fail. It makes me think of jazz guitarists: They’re not going to make it if they know a lot about music theory but don’t know how to jam in a live concert. Some schools and workplaces emphasize a stable, rote-learned database. They ignore the improvisatory instincts drilled into us for millions of years. Creativity suffers. Others emphasize creative usage of a database, without installing a fund of knowledge in the first place. They ignore our need to obtain a deep understanding of a subject, which includes memorizing and storing a richly structured database. You get people who are great improvisers but don’t have depth of knowledge. You may know someone like this where you work. They may look like jazz musicians and have the appearance of jamming, but in the end they know nothing. They’re playing intellectual air guitar.

* rote-learned: 기계적으로 암기한







답:   

 

 

22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

In retrospect, it might seem surprising that something as mundane as the desire to count sheep was the driving force for an advance as fundamental as written language. But the desire for written records has always accompanied economic activity, since transactions are meaningless unless you can clearly keep track of who owns what. As such, early human writing is dominated by wheeling and dealing: a collection of bets, bills, and contracts. Long before we had the writings of the prophets, we had the writings of the profits. In fact, many civilizations never got to the stage of recording and leaving behind the kinds of great literary works that we often associate with the history of culture. What survives these ancient societies is, for the most part, a pile of receipts. If it weren’t for the commercial enterprises that produced those records, we would know far, far less about the cultures that they came from.

* mundane: 세속의 ** prophet: 예언자







답:   

 

 

23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Human beings do not enter the world as competent moral agents. Nor does everyone leave the world in that state. But somewhere in between, most people acquire a bit of decency that qualifies them for membership in the community of moral agents. Genes, development, and learning all contribute to the process of becoming a decent human being. The interaction between nature and nurture is, however, highly complex, and developmental biologists are only just beginning to grasp just how complex it is. Without the context provided by cells, organisms, social groups, and culture, DNA is inert. Anyone who says that people are “genetically programmed” to be moral has an oversimplified view of how genes work. Genes and environment interact in ways that make it nonsensical to think that the process of moral development in children, or any other developmental process, can be discussed in terms of nature versus nurture. Developmental biologists now know that it is really both, or nature through nurture. A complete scientific explanation of moral evolution and development in the human species is a very long way off.

* decency: 예의 ** inert: 비활성의







답:   

 

 

24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Invasions of natural communities by non-indigenous species are currently rated as one of the most important global-scale environmental problems. The loss of biodiversity has generated concern over the consequences for ecosystem functioning and thus understanding the relationship between both has become a major focus in ecological research during the last two decades. The “biodiversity-invasibility hypothesis” by Elton suggests that high diversity increases the competitive environment of communities and makes them more difficult to invade. Numerous biodiversity experiments have been conducted since Elton’s time and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the often observed negative relationship between diversity and invasibility. Beside the decreased chance of empty ecological niches but the increased probability of competitors that prevent invasion success, diverse communities are assumed to use resources more completely and, therefore, limit the ability of invaders to establish. Further, more diverse communities are believed to be more stable because they use a broader range of niches than species-poor communities.

* indigenous: 토착의 ** niche: 생태적 지위







답:   

 

 

25. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The above graph shows the world population access to electricity in 1997 and in 2017. ① The percentage of the total world population with electricity access in 2017 was 11 percentage points higher than that in 1997. ② Both in 1997 and in 2017, less than 80% of the rural population had access to electricity while over 90% of the urban population had access to electricity. ③ In 1997, 36% of the rural population did not have electricity access while 5% of the urban population did not have access to electricity. ④ The percentage of the rural population without electricity access in 2017 was 20 percentage points lower than that in 1997. ⑤ The percentage of the urban population without electricity access decreased from 5% in 1997 to 3% in 2017.

1    2    3    4    5

답:   

 

 

26. The Nuer에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The Nuer are one of the largest ethnic groups in South Sudan, primarily residing in the Nile River Valley. The Nuer are a cattle-raising people, whose everyday lives revolve around their cattle. They have various terms related to cattle, so they can distinguish between hundreds of types of cows, based on color, markings, and shape of horns. They prefer to be called by the names of the cattle they raise. The commonest daily foods for the Nuer are dairy products, especially milk for the young and soured milk, like yogurt, for adults. And wild fruits and nuts are favorite snacks for the Nuer. The Nuer also have a culture of counting only older members of the family. They believe that counting the number of children one has could result in misfortune and prefer to report fewer children than they have.







답:   

 

 

27. Green Tea Packaging Design Competition에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?







답:   

 

 

28. 2019 Badminton Challenge for Charity에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?







답:   

 

 

29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Speculations about the meaning and purpose of prehistoric art ① rely heavily on analogies drawn with modern-day hunter-gatherer societies. Such primitive societies, ② as Steven Mithen emphasizes in The Prehistory of the Modern Mind, tend to view man and beast, animal and plant, organic and inorganic spheres, as participants in an integrated, animated totality. The dual expressions of this tendency are anthropomorphism (the practice of regarding animals as humans) and totemism (the practice of regarding humans as animals), both of ③ which spread through the visual art and the mythology of primitive cultures. Thus the natural world is conceptualized in terms of human social relations. When considered in this light, the visual preoccupation of early humans with the nonhuman creatures ④ inhabited their world becomes profoundly meaningful. Among hunter-gatherers, animals are not only good to eat, they are also good to think about, as Claude Lévi-Strauss has observed. In the practice of totemism, he has suggested, an unlettered humanity “broods upon ⑤ itself and its place in nature.”

* speculation: 고찰 ** analogy: 유사점

*** brood: 곰곰이 생각하다

1    2    3    4    5

답:   

 

 

30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [3점]

Suppose we know that Paula suffers from a severe phobia. If we reason that Paula is afraid either of snakes or spiders, and then ① establish that she is not afraid of snakes, we will conclude that Paula is afraid of spiders. However, our conclusion is reasonable only if Paula’s fear really does concern either snakes or spiders. If we know only that Paula has a phobia, then the fact that she’s not afraid of snakes is entirely ② consistent with her being afraid of heights, water, dogs or the number thirteen. More generally, when we are presented with a list of alternative explanations for some phenomenon, and are then persuaded that all but one of those explanations are ③ unsatisfactory, we should pause to reflect. Before ④ denying that the remaining explanation is the correct one, consider whether other plausible options are being ignored or overlooked. The fallacy of false choice misleads when we’re insufficiently attentive to an important hidden assumption, that the choices which have been made explicit exhaust the ⑤ sensible alternatives.

* plausible: 그럴듯한 ** fallacy: 오류

1    2    3    4    5

답:   

 

 

31. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The role of science can sometimes be overstated, with its advocates slipping into scientism. Scientism is the view that the scientific description of reality is the only truth there is. With the advance of science, there has been a tendency to slip into scientism, and assume that any factual claim can be authenticated if and only if the term ‘scientific’ can correctly be ascribed to it. The consequence is that non-scientific approaches to reality ― and that can include all the arts, religion, and personal, emotional and value-laden ways of encountering the world ― may become labelled as merely subjective, and therefore of little __________ in terms of describing the way the world is. The philosophy of science seeks to avoid crude scientism and get a balanced view on what the scientific method can and cannot achieve.

* ascribe: 속하는 것으로 생각하다 ** crude: 투박한







답:   

 

 

32. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget frequently analyzed children’s conception of time via their ability to compare or estimate the time taken by pairs of events. In a typical experiment, two toy cars were shown running synchronously on parallel tracks, ____________________. The children were then asked to judge whether the cars had run for the same time and to justify their judgment. Preschoolers and young school-age children confuse temporal and spatial dimensions: Starting times are judged by starting points, stopping times by stopping points and durations by distance, though each of these errors does not necessitate the others. Hence, a child may claim that the cars started and stopped running together (correct) and that the car which stopped further ahead, ran for more time (incorrect).

* synchronously: 같은 시간에







답:   

 

 

33. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The future of our high-tech goods may lie not in the limitations of our minds, but in ____________________. In previous eras, such as the Iron Age and the Bronze Age, the discovery of new elements brought forth seemingly unending numbers of new inventions. Now the combinations may truly be unending. We are now witnessing a fundamental shift in our resource demands. At no point in human history have we used more elements, in more combinations, and in increasingly refined amounts. Our ingenuity will soon outpace our material supplies. This situation comes at a defining moment when the world is struggling to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. Fortunately, rare metals are key ingredients in green technologies such as electric cars, wind turbines, and solar panels. They help to convert free natural resources like the sun and wind into the power that fuels our lives. But without increasing today’s limited supplies, we have no chance of developing the alternative green technologies we need to slow climate change. [3점]

* ingenuity: 창의력







답:   

 

 

34. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

There have been many attempts to define what music is in terms of the specific attributes of musical sounds. The famous nineteenth-century critic Eduard Hanslick regarded ‘the measurable tone’ as ‘the primary and essential condition of all music’. Musical sounds, he was saying, can be distinguished from those of nature by the fact that they involve the use of fixed pitches, whereas virtually all natural sounds consist of constantly fluctuating frequencies. And a number of twentieth-century writers have assumed, like Hanslick, that fixed pitches are among the defining features of music. Now it is true that in most of the world’s musical cultures, pitches are ____________________. However, this is a generalization about music and not a definition of it, for it is easy to put forward counter-examples. Japanese shakuhachi music and the sanjo music of Korea, for instance, fluctuate constantly around the notional pitches in terms of which the music is organized. [3점]







답:   

 

 

35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Although commonsense knowledge may have merit, it also has weaknesses, not the least of which is that it often contradicts itself. For example, we hear that people who are similar will like one another (“Birds of a feather flock together”) but also that persons who are dissimilar will like each other (“Opposites attract”). ① We are told that groups are wiser and smarter than individuals (“Two heads are better than one”) but also that group work inevitably produces poor results (“Too many cooks spoil the broth”). ② Each of these contradictory statements may hold true under particular conditions, but without a clear statement of when they apply and when they do not, aphorisms provide little insight into relations among people. ③ That is why we heavily depend on aphorisms whenever we face difficulties and challenges in the long journey of our lives. ④ They provide even less guidance in situations where we must make decisions. ⑤ For example, when facing a choice that entails risk, which guideline should we use ― “Nothing ventured, nothing gained” or “Better safe than sorry”?

* aphorism: 격언, 경구(警句) ** entail: 수반하다

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답:   

 

 

36. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Movies may be said to support the dominant culture and to serve as a means for its reproduction over time.
(A)
The bad guys are usually punished; the romantic couple almost always find each other despite the obstacles and difficulties they encounter on the path to true love; and the way we wish the world to be is how, in the movies, it more often than not winds up being. No doubt it is this utopian aspect of movies that accounts for why we enjoy them so much.
(B)
The simple answer to this question is that movies do more than present two-hour civics lessons or editorials on responsible behavior. They also tell stories that, in the end, we find satisfying.
(C)
But one may ask why audiences would find such movies enjoyable if all they do is give cultural directives and prescriptions for proper living. Most of us would likely grow tired of such didactic movies and would probably come to see them as propaganda, similar to the cultural artwork that was common in the Soviet Union and other autocratic societies.

* didactic: 교훈적인 ** autocratic: 독재적인







답:   

 

 

37. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Traditionally, Kuhn claims, the primary goal of historians of science was ‘to clarify and deepen an understanding of contemporary scientific methods or concepts by displaying their evolution’.
(A)
Some discoveries seem to entail numerous phases and discoverers, none of which can be identified as definitive. Furthermore, the evaluation of past discoveries and discoverers according to present-day standards does not allow us to see how significant they may have been in their own day.
(B)
This entailed relating the progressive accumulation of breakthroughs and discoveries. Only that which survived in some form in the present was considered relevant. In the mid-1950s, however, a number of faults in this view of history became apparent. Closer analysis of scientific discoveries, for instance, led historians to ask whether the dates of discoveries and their discoverers can be identified precisely.
(C)
Nor does the traditional view recognise the role that non-intellectual factors, especially institutional and socio-economic ones, play in scientific developments. Most importantly, however, the traditional historian of science seems blind to the fact that the concepts, questions and standards that they use to frame the past are themselves subject to historical change. [3점]







답:   

 

 

38. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

Thus, individuals of many resident species, confronted with the fitness benefits of control over a productive breeding site, may be forced to balance costs in the form of lower nonbreeding survivorship by remaining in the specific habitat where highest breeding success occurs.

Resident-bird habitat selection is seemingly a straightforward process in which a young dispersing individual moves until it finds a place where it can compete successfully to satisfy its needs. ( ① ) Initially, these needs include only food and shelter. ( ② ) However, eventually, the young must locate, identify, and settle in a habitat that satisfies not only survivorship but reproductive needs as well. ( ③ ) In some cases, the habitat that provides the best opportunity for survival may not be the same habitat as the one that provides for highest reproductive capacity because of requirements specific to the reproductive period. ( ④ ) Migrants, however, are free to choose the optimal habitat for survival during the nonbreeding season and for reproduction during the breeding season. ( ⑤ ) Thus, habitat selection during these different periods can be quite different for migrants as opposed to residents, even among closely related species.

* disperse: 흩어지다 ** optimal: 최적의

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답:   

 

 

39. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

Still, it is arguable that advertisers worry rather too much about this problem, as advertising in other media has always been fragmented.

The fragmentation of television audiences during recent decades, which has happened throughout the globe as new channels have been launched everywhere, has caused advertisers much concern. ( ① ) Advertisers look back nostalgically to the years when a single spot transmission would be seen by the majority of the population at one fell swoop. ( ② ) This made the television advertising of mass consumer products relatively straightforward ― not to say easy ― whereas today it is necessary for advertisers to build up coverage of their target markets over time, by advertising on a host of channels with separate audiences. ( ③ ) Moreover, advertisers gain considerable benefits from the price competition between the numerous broadcasting stations. ( ④ ) And television remains much the fastest way to build up public awareness of a new brand or a new campaign. ( ⑤ ) Seldom does a new brand or new campaign that solely uses other media, without using television, reach high levels of public awareness very quickly. [3점]

* fragment: 조각내다 ** at one fell swoop: 단번에, 일거에

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답:   

 

 

40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Because elephant groups break up and reunite very frequently ― for instance, in response to variation in food availability ― reunions are more important in elephant society than among primates. And the species has evolved elaborate greeting behaviors, the form of which reflects the strength of the social bond between the individuals (much like how you might merely shake hands with a long-standing acquaintance but hug a close friend you have not seen in a while, and maybe even tear up). Elephants may greet each other simply by reaching their trunks into each other’s mouths, possibly equivalent to a human peck on the cheek. However, after long absences, members of family and bond groups greet one another with incredibly theatrical displays. The fact that the intensity reflects the duration of the separation as well as the level of intimacy suggests that elephants have a sense of time as well. To human eyes, these greetings strike a familiar chord. I’m reminded of the joyous reunions so visible in the arrivals area of an international airport terminal.

* acquaintance: 지인 ** peck: 가벼운 입맞춤.

The evolved greeting behaviors of elephants can serve as an indicator of how much they are socially _____(A)_____ and how long they have been _____(B)_____.







답:   

 

 

41. 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

For quite some time, science educators believed that “hands-on” activities were the answer to children’s understanding through their participation in science-related activities. Many teachers believed that students merely engaging in activities and (a) manipulating objects would organize the information to be gained and the knowledge to be understood into concept comprehension. Educators began to notice that the pendulum had swung too far to the “hands-on” component of inquiry as they realized that the knowledge was not (b) inherent in the materials themselves, but in the thought and metacognition about what students had done in the activity. We now know that “hands-on” is a dangerous phrase when speaking about learning science. The (c) missing ingredient is the “minds-on” part of the instructional experience. (d) Uncertainty about the knowledge intended in any activity comes from each student’s re-creation of concepts ― and discussing, thinking, arguing, listening, and evaluating one’s own preconceptions after the activities, under the leadership of a thoughtful teacher, can bring this about. After all, a food fight is a hands-on activity, but about all you would learn was something about the aerodynamics of flying mashed potatoes! Our view of what students need to build their knowledge and theories about the natural world (e) extends far beyond a “hands-on activity.” While it is important for students to use and interact with materials in science class, the learning comes from the sense-making of students’ “hands-on” experiences.

* pendulum: 추(錘) ** metacognition: 초(超)인지

*** aerodynamics: 공기 역학







답:   

 

 

42. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [3점]

For quite some time, science educators believed that “hands-on” activities were the answer to children’s understanding through their participation in science-related activities. Many teachers believed that students merely engaging in activities and (a) manipulating objects would organize the information to be gained and the knowledge to be understood into concept comprehension. Educators began to notice that the pendulum had swung too far to the “hands-on” component of inquiry as they realized that the knowledge was not (b) inherent in the materials themselves, but in the thought and metacognition about what students had done in the activity. We now know that “hands-on” is a dangerous phrase when speaking about learning science. The (c) missing ingredient is the “minds-on” part of the instructional experience. (d) Uncertainty about the knowledge intended in any activity comes from each student’s re-creation of concepts ― and discussing, thinking, arguing, listening, and evaluating one’s own preconceptions after the activities, under the leadership of a thoughtful teacher, can bring this about. After all, a food fight is a hands-on activity, but about all you would learn was something about the aerodynamics of flying mashed potatoes! Our view of what students need to build their knowledge and theories about the natural world (e) extends far beyond a “hands-on activity.” While it is important for students to use and interact with materials in science class, the learning comes from the sense-making of students’ “hands-on” experiences.

* pendulum: 추(錘) ** metacognition: 초(超)인지

*** aerodynamics: 공기 역학

1    2    3    4    5

답:   

 

 

43. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

(A)

The colors of the trees looked like they were on fire, the reds and oranges competing with the yellows and golds. This was Nina’s favorite season, but she remained silent for hours while Marie was driving. Nina had been heartbroken after losing her championship belt. Now a former champion, she was thinking of retiring from boxing. Marie, her long-time friend and trainer, shared her pain. After another silent hour, Marie and Nina saw a sign: Sauble Falls. Marie thought this would be a good place for (a) them to stop.

(B)

Then, with a great push, a small one turned a complete circle and made it over the falls. “He made it!” Nina shouted at the success with admiration. More salmon then followed and succeeded. She felt ashamed to be looking at (b) them. After a moment, she turned to Marie and said, “Giving up is not in my vocabulary. Marie, I’ll get my championship belt back.” Marie nodded with a bright smile. “Our training begins tomorrow. It’s going to be tough. Are you ready?” Walking up the path and back to the car, (c) they could still hear the fish splashing in the water.

* splash: 물을 튀기다.

(C)

Marie pulled over into the parking lot. Marie and Nina went down a path to watch the falls. Another sign: Watch Your Step. Rocks Are Slippery. (d) They found the falls spilling out in various layers of rock. No one was there except them. “Look at them!” Marie pointed to movement in the water moving toward the falls. Hundreds of fish tails were flashing and catching light from the sun, moving upstream. Beneath them in the water, they saw salmon slowly moving their bodies.

(D)

While Marie and Nina kept watching the salmon, a big one suddenly leapt. It threw itself up and over the rushing water above, but in vain. (e) They were standing without a word and watching the fish struggling. Another jumped, its body spinning until it made it over the falls. Another one leapt and was washed back by the power of the water. Watching the salmon, Marie noticed Nina fixing her eyes on their continuing challenge. Nina’s heart was beating fast at each leap and twist.







답:   

 

 

44. 글의 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

(A)

The colors of the trees looked like they were on fire, the reds and oranges competing with the yellows and golds. This was Nina’s favorite season, but she remained silent for hours while Marie was driving. Nina had been heartbroken after losing her championship belt. Now a former champion, she was thinking of retiring from boxing. Marie, her long-time friend and trainer, shared her pain. After another silent hour, Marie and Nina saw a sign: Sauble Falls. Marie thought this would be a good place for (a) them to stop.

(B)

Then, with a great push, a small one turned a complete circle and made it over the falls. “He made it!” Nina shouted at the success with admiration. More salmon then followed and succeeded. She felt ashamed to be looking at (b) them. After a moment, she turned to Marie and said, “Giving up is not in my vocabulary. Marie, I’ll get my championship belt back.” Marie nodded with a bright smile. “Our training begins tomorrow. It’s going to be tough. Are you ready?” Walking up the path and back to the car, (c) they could still hear the fish splashing in the water.

* splash: 물을 튀기다.

(C)

Marie pulled over into the parking lot. Marie and Nina went down a path to watch the falls. Another sign: Watch Your Step. Rocks Are Slippery. (d) They found the falls spilling out in various layers of rock. No one was there except them. “Look at them!” Marie pointed to movement in the water moving toward the falls. Hundreds of fish tails were flashing and catching light from the sun, moving upstream. Beneath them in the water, they saw salmon slowly moving their bodies.

(D)

While Marie and Nina kept watching the salmon, a big one suddenly leapt. It threw itself up and over the rushing water above, but in vain. (e) They were standing without a word and watching the fish struggling. Another jumped, its body spinning until it made it over the falls. Another one leapt and was washed back by the power of the water. Watching the salmon, Marie noticed Nina fixing her eyes on their continuing challenge. Nina’s heart was beating fast at each leap and twist.







답:   

 

 

45. 글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?

(A)

The colors of the trees looked like they were on fire, the reds and oranges competing with the yellows and golds. This was Nina’s favorite season, but she remained silent for hours while Marie was driving. Nina had been heartbroken after losing her championship belt. Now a former champion, she was thinking of retiring from boxing. Marie, her long-time friend and trainer, shared her pain. After another silent hour, Marie and Nina saw a sign: Sauble Falls. Marie thought this would be a good place for (a) them to stop.

(B)

Then, with a great push, a small one turned a complete circle and made it over the falls. “He made it!” Nina shouted at the success with admiration. More salmon then followed and succeeded. She felt ashamed to be looking at (b) them. After a moment, she turned to Marie and said, “Giving up is not in my vocabulary. Marie, I’ll get my championship belt back.” Marie nodded with a bright smile. “Our training begins tomorrow. It’s going to be tough. Are you ready?” Walking up the path and back to the car, (c) they could still hear the fish splashing in the water.

* splash: 물을 튀기다.

(C)

Marie pulled over into the parking lot. Marie and Nina went down a path to watch the falls. Another sign: Watch Your Step. Rocks Are Slippery. (d) They found the falls spilling out in various layers of rock. No one was there except them. “Look at them!” Marie pointed to movement in the water moving toward the falls. Hundreds of fish tails were flashing and catching light from the sun, moving upstream. Beneath them in the water, they saw salmon slowly moving their bodies.

(D)

While Marie and Nina kept watching the salmon, a big one suddenly leapt. It threw itself up and over the rushing water above, but in vain. (e) They were standing without a word and watching the fish struggling. Another jumped, its body spinning until it made it over the falls. Another one leapt and was washed back by the power of the water. Watching the salmon, Marie noticed Nina fixing her eyes on their continuing challenge. Nina’s heart was beating fast at each leap and twist.







답:   

 

 


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