Instead, much like the young child learning how to play ‘nicely’, the apprentice scientist gains his or her understanding of the moral values inherent in the role by absorption from their colleagues ― socialization.
As particular practices are repeated over time and become more widely shared, the values that they embody are reinforced and reproduced and we speak of them as becoming ‘institutionalized’. ( ① ) In some cases, this institutionalization has a formal face to it, with rules and protocols written down, and specialized roles created to ensure that procedures are followed correctly. ( ② ) The main institutions of state ― parliament, courts, police and so on ― along with certain of the professions, exhibit this formal character. ( ③ ) Other social institutions, perhaps the majority, are not like this; science is an example. ( ④ ) Although scientists are trained in the substantive content of their discipline, they are not formally instructed in ‘how to be a good scientist’. ( ⑤ ) We think that these values, along with the values that inform many of the professions, are under threat, just as the value of the professions themselves is under threat.
* apprentice: 도제, 견습 ** inherent: 내재된
