Thus, individuals of many resident species, confronted with
the fitness benefits of control over a productive breeding
site, may be forced to balance costs in the form of lower
nonbreeding survivorship by remaining in the specific
habitat where highest breeding success occurs.
Resident-bird habitat selection is seemingly a straightforward
process in which a young dispersing individual moves until it
finds a place where it can compete successfully to satisfy its
needs. ( ① ) Initially, these needs include only food and
shelter. ( ② ) However, eventually, the young must locate,
identify, and settle in a habitat that satisfies not only survivorship
but reproductive needs as well. ( ③ ) In some cases, the
habitat that provides the best opportunity for survival may not be
the same habitat as the one that provides for highest reproductive
capacity because of requirements specific to the reproductive
period. ( ④ ) Migrants, however, are free to choose the
optimal habitat for survival during the nonbreeding season and
for reproduction during the breeding season. ( ⑤ ) Thus,
habitat selection during these different periods can be quite
different for migrants as opposed to residents, even among
closely related species.
* disperse: 흩어지다 ** optimal: 최적의
